Application value and progress of diffusion tensor imaging's unique neuroimaging advantages in clinical practice
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摘要: 磁共振成像技术在显示脑组织结构、判断颅内病变方面具有独特优势。随着成像技术的不断发展,出现了许多功能磁共振成像新技术。扩散张量成像是在弥散加权成像序列的基础上发展出的新序列,扩散张量成像根据脑组织中水分子的扩散内在方向性,能够完整的显示出神经纤维束走形,是目前唯一能在活体内评估神经纤维束微观结构的无创性成像方法。神经细胞是永久细胞,不具有再生能力,脑组织发生病变后的常见后遗症(如中枢性偏瘫、意识障碍、感觉障碍),多是由于病变部位神经细胞缺血受损,颅内神经纤维联系传导中断所导致。通过扩散张量成像早期对病灶区域的神经受损程度进行评估,有利于临床确定更精准的诊疗方案,进而早期干预、改善预后。利用其独特神经显像优势,本文主要围绕可导致神经细胞变性的疾病(如脑卒中、脑肿瘤、神经系统退行性疾病、癫痫及脑发育障碍等),通过扩散张量成像在辅助早期诊断、协助临床治疗及预测患者远期预后等几个方面的应用,探讨其在临床中的应用价值与进展。Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging technology has unique advantages in displaying brain tissue structure and identifying intracranial lesions. With the continuous development of imaging technology, many new functional magnetic resonance imaging technologies have emerged. Diffusion tensor imaging is a new sequence developed on the basis of diffusion weighted imaging sequence. Based on the intrinsic directionality of water molecules diffusion in brain tissue, diffusion tensor imaging can fully display the shape of nerve fiber bundles, and is currently the only non-invasive imaging method that can evaluate the microstructure of nerve fiber bundles in vivo. Neural cells are permanent cells that do not have the ability to regenerate. Common sequelae after brain tissue lesions (such as central hemiplegia, consciousness disorders, sensory disorders) are often caused by ischemic damage to nerve cells at the lesion site and interruption of intracranial nerve fiber transmission. Early assessment of the degree of nerve damage in the lesion area through diffusion tensor imaging is beneficial for clinical determination of more accurate diagnosis and treatment plans, which can lead to early intervention and improved prognosis. This article mainly focuses on diseases that can cause neurodegeneration (such as stroke, brain tumors, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, epilepsy, and developmental disorders of the brain), explore the clinical application value and progress of diffusion tensor imaging in assisting early diagnosis, assisting clinical treatment, and predicting long- term prognosis of patients.
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