Application of photoacoustic imaging combined with photothermal therapy in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer
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摘要: 近年来，具有高分辨率、高对比度和高成像深度的光声成像技术在肝癌的诊疗中逐渐受到重视，光热治疗因光热转导剂在肿瘤的富集而有着高度特异性，其优秀的疗效也备受关注。本文主要介绍光声成像技术和光热治疗的基本原理以及具有高光声信号和良好光热转换效率的纳米诊疗剂，并展示了光声成像技术联合光热治疗，以纳米诊疗剂的形式在肝癌诊疗一体化中的应用。联合技术利用光声成像来监测纳米诊疗剂在肿瘤的富集，并通过光热效应来杀伤肿瘤细胞、调节肿瘤微环境、抑制肿瘤的转移复发，验证了联合技术在早期肝癌诊治的可行性和优势，推动其在临床上的实际应用。Abstract: In recent years, photoacoustic imaging technology with high resolution, high contrast and high imaging depth has been paid more and more attention in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Photothermal therapy has also attracted more and more attention because of its high specificity and good therapeutic effect. This paper mainly introduces the basic principle of photoacoustic imaging technology and photothermal therapy, as well as nano- diagnostic agents with high photoacoustic signal and good photothermal conversion efficiency, and shows the application of photoacoustic imaging technology combined with photothermal therapy in the integration of diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in the form of nano-diagnostic agents. Photoacoustic imaging is used to monitor the enrichment of nano-diagnostic agents in tumors, and laser irradiation is used to kill tumor cells, regulate tumor microenvironment and inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence. The review describes the feasibility and advantages of combination technique in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, and promote the practical application of combined technology clinically.
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表 1 纳米材料在光声成像和光热治疗中的应用
Table 1. Application of nanomaterials in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy
Material Example Material characteristics Disadvantages Photoacousti c imaging Photothermal therapy Precious metal nanomaterials Gold, silver, palladium Localized surface plasmon resonance effect and good biocompatibility Potentially cytotoxic and longterm exposure can cause deformation affecting imaging Chen, et al[9]Gao, et al[10] Alaaldin[11] Carbon Nanomaterials Monolayer carbon nanotubes, graphene Flexible synthesis and Functionalization modifications, and reduce cytotoxicity through functional group modifications Lower molar absorption coefficient than nanogold; broader absorption spectrum; Poor water solubility; difficult to aggregate in tumors. Yang, et al[12]Chen, et al[13] Liang, et al[14] Metallic and nonmetallic composite materials CuS, Iron oxide Synthesized easily, stable, low toxicity, and strong tumor cell killing ability Anisotropic dipole attraction and rapid biodegradation properties Ku, et al[15] Peng, et al[16] Organic dyes Indocyanine green, porphyrin Good biocompatibility and high photothermal conversion efficiency Poor photothermal stabilization, serious photobleaching Limited accumulation in tumors, rapid clearance in vivo Wang, et al[17] Kuo, et al[18] Organic polymer materials polydopamine, polypyrrole Good encapsulation ability, high drug loading, biodegradability Low absorption in the near infrared region Liu, et al[19] Liu, et al[20] 
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