Principle and research progress of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
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摘要: 定量磁共振成像技术近年来已广泛用于各个疾病的研究之中，最佳定量磁共振成像技术的应用将会对疾病的早期诊断和治疗产生更好的帮助。本文从成像原理出发对目前常见定量技术进行分类，介绍了化学交换饱和转移技术、化学位移同反相位技术、磁共振波谱、定量磁敏感图、弛豫率成像等技术的原理以及研究进展，最后对各个技术进行汇总分析。结果表明磁共振定量技术种类繁多，定量物质种类广泛。且部分定量磁共振成像技术之间存在交叉，一种技术可定量多种物质，多种技术可用于一种与疾病相关的物质定量研究。尽管目前有相关研究对定量同一物质的多种技术进行比较，但比较结果仍需进一步探索。本文的分析结果便于了解常见定量磁共振成像技术及其研究进展，可为临床诊疗研究提供可借鉴的依据。Abstract: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging has been widely used in the study of various diseases in recent years. The best application of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging will be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, several common quantitative MRI imaging techniques are classified according to the imaging principle. The principles and research progress of chemical exchange saturation transfer, chemical shift imaging, magnetic resonance spectrum, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and relaxation rate mapping technique are introduced. Finally, this paper analyzed the research progress. The analysis results show that there are many kinds of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques and quantitative substances. Moreover, some quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques are overlapping. One technology can quantify multiple substances, and many technologies can be used for quantitative research of a disease-related substance. Although relevant studies have been carried out to compare various techniques for quantifying the same substance, the comparison results still need to be further explored. This paper's analysis results are convenient to understand the standard quantitative magnetic resonance imaging technology and its research progress and provide a reference basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment research.
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表 1 各类定量磁共振成像技术及临床应用一览表
Table 1. List of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques and clinical applications
定量技术 成像原理 定量物质 临床应用 CEST 基于磁化传递成像 蛋白质、谷氨酸、酰胺、糖胺聚糖、外源性对比剂 脑肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、肌肉生理、软骨、pH成像、对比剂研发 MRS 基于化学位移成像 N-乙酰天门冬氨酸、肌酸、胆碱、脂质、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺 肿瘤分期分级、神经退行性疾病、脂肪定量 QSM 基于磁敏感加权成像 顺磁性物质、反磁性物质 脑出血、动静脉畸形、神经退行性病变、组织钙化、铁沉积定量 IDEAL-IQ 基于化学位移成像 脂肪、铁沉积 脂肪含量测定、肝铁沉积 T1 mapping T1弛豫时间 心肌细胞水肿，间质纤维化程度 心脏成像 T2 mapping T2弛豫时间 胶原纤维、糖胺聚糖 心脏成像、骨关节、软骨组织 T2*/R2* mapping T2*/R2*弛豫时间 磁敏感物质（铁沉积） 心肌、肝脏、脑铁沉积定量 T1ρ mapping 自旋-晶格弛豫时间 胶原纤维、糖胺聚糖、大分子物质 骨关节、软骨组织、肝纤维化 CEST: Chemical exchange saturation transfer; QSM: Quantitative susceptibility mapping; MRS: Magnetic resonance spectrum; IDEAL: Iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation. 
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