Research progress of extracellular vesicles in breast cancer
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摘要: 肿瘤来源的胞外膜泡内含各种癌症相关的分子,如过表达的癌蛋白、糖蛋白、信使RNA、各种非编码RNA和DNA片段。这些内容物与乳腺癌表型特征传递密切相关,如乳腺癌的耐药性,增强的增殖能力和侵袭性和介导抗肿瘤免疫。因此,肿瘤来源的胞外膜泡作为一种新的肿瘤标记物和治疗靶点得到越来越多的关注。与循环的肿瘤细胞不同的是体液中胞外膜泡异常丰富。相对于与循环系统中的分子标记物,胞外膜泡可以保护泡内分子标记并防止其降解。同时胞外膜泡还携带有特定表型乳腺癌的分子标签。本文总结了关于胞外膜泡作为乳腺癌标记物的研究结果,并提出基于胞外膜泡的标记物在乳腺癌临床治疗中的应用。此外本文还概述了关于乳腺癌的胞外膜泡促癌效应的最新发现并提出阻断胞外膜泡介导的信号通路作为乳腺癌治疗的一种新策略。Abstract: Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles contain various cancer-associated molecules, such as overexpressed oncoproteins, glycoproteins, mRNAs, various non-coding RNAs and DNA fragments. They have been shown to propagate phenotypic traits, such as drug resistance, increased proliferation rate, invasiveness and to mediate cancer-induced immunosuppression. Therefore, cancer-derived extracellular vesicles have gained increasing attention as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Unlike circulating tumor cells they are highly abundant in biofluids and, on the contrary to single-molecule circulating biomarkers, they protect their molecular cargo against degradation and may carry molecular signatures associated with specific phenotypes. Herein, we summarize studies investigating extracellular vesicles biomarkers in breast cancer and propose scenarios for various clinical applications of EV-based biomarkers in the management of breast cancer. Furthermore, we provide an overview of recent findings regarding the cancer-promoting effects of breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles and discuss opportunities for blocking EV-mediated signaling as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Key words:
- breast cancer /
- biomarkers /
- exosomes /
- extracellular vesicles /
- microvesicles
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